Предмет: Химия, автор: Аноним

Привет, мне нужна помощь с домашней работой. Мое домашнее задание во вложениях.Задание 1и 3

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Автор ответа: knopka1995
0

 

1) а) Получить хлорид аммония можно при воздействии гидроксида аммония на раствор соляной кислоты. (При этом никакие дополнительные условия не нужны)
 NH4OH + HCl  → NH4Cl + H2O
NH4 + OH + H + Cl  NH4 + Cl  +   H2O

H+ OH  →  H2O
б) Для того чтобы получить карбонат натрия нужно: сначала получить гидрокарбонат натрия такой способ называют аммично хлоридный (это реакция Сольвэ).
Этапы: 1) естественный или искусственно приготовленный рассол NaCl очищают от примесей Са и Mg действием Na2CO3 и Са(ОН)2
2) насыщают NH3
3) подвергают карбонизации в барботажных колоннах
Основная реакция: 
NaCl + NH3 + CO2+ H2O  → NaHCO3 +  NH4Cl
Затем получают карбонат натрия прокаливанием гидрокарбоната нитрия:
2 NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
в) Т.к в получении закиси азота самым доступным в домашних условиях является способ Г. Дэви - термическое разложение нитрата аммония (аммиачной селитры), то воспользуемся этой реакцией "в обратную сторону"
N2O + 2H2O   NH4NO3

г) Для того чтобы получить нашатырный спирт надо: к хлориду аммония добавить воду
NH4Cl + H2O  → NH4OH+ HCl

NH4+ Cl + H2O  → NH4 + OH + H+ Cl
H2O H + OH
д) Для того чтобы получить карбонат кальция нужно: к соляной кислоте добавить карбонат алюминия
6HCl + Al2(CO3)3  → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O + 3CO2
 6H + 6Cl + Al2(CO3)3  2Al+ 6Cl  + 3H2O + 3CO2
 6H + Al2(CO3)3   2Al +  3H2O + 3CO2
е) Для того чтобы получить силикат натрия надо: к хлориду натрия добавить силикат калия.
2NaCl + K2SiO3  → Na2SiO3 + 2KCl
2Na + 2Cl + 2K +  SiO3  →2Na + SiO3 + 2K + 2Cl
                                             (реакция обратимая)


3) 1) Доказать опытным путём, что в состав хлорида аммония входят ионы NH4 и Cl можно электролизом раствора NH4Cl.
NH4Cl →NH4 + Cl
NH4 + Cl →NH4 + Cl
                   (реакция обратимая)

2) Доказать опытным путём,что в состав сульфата аммония входят ионы NH4 и SO4 можно электролизом раствора  (NH4)2SO4 .
(NH4)2SO4  → 2NH4 + SO4
2NH4 + SO4 → 2NH4 + SO4
                         (реакция обратимая)

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