Предмет: Физика, автор: emka1

Некоторая масса кислорода при давлении 100 кПа имела объем 10л, а при давлении 300 кПа - объем 4 л. Переход от первого состояния ко второму был сделан в два этапа: сначала по изобаре, а затем по изохоре. Определить изменение внутренней энергии газа и произведенную им работу. Построить график этого процесса в координатах p,V и p,T.

Ответы

Автор ответа: Аноним
0
Дано:
p₁=p₂=100 кПа=10⁵ Па
V
₁=10 л=0,01 м³
p
₃=300 кПа=3*10⁵ Па
 V
₂=V₃=4 л=0,004 м³
Найти: 
ΔU, A
Решение:
По первому началу термодинамики
ΔU=Q-A
Работа при изобарном процессе:
А₁=pΔV=p(V₂-V₁)
А₁=10⁵ (0,004-0,01)=-600 (Дж)
ΔU₁=i/2vR(T₂-T₁)
Кислород - двухатомный газ. В этом случае i=5
ΔU₁=2,5vR(T₂-T₁)
По уравнению Менделеева-Клапейрона vRT=pV. Тогда
ΔU₁=2.5p(V₂-V₁)=2.5A=2.5(-600) =-1500 (Дж)
При изохорном процессе
А₂=0
ΔU₂=2,5vR(T₃-T₂)=2,5(p₃V₃-p₂V₂)=2.5V₂(p₃-p₂)=
=2.5*0.004(3*10⁵-1*10⁵)=2000 (Дж)
Полная работа газа A=A₁+A₂=-600 Дж
Полное изменение внутренней энергии 
ΔU=ΔU₁+ΔU₂=-1500 + 2000=500 (Дж)
Найдем соотношения температур:
При изобарном процессе:
T₁/T₂=V₁/V₂
T₂=V₂T₁/V₁=4T₂/10=0.4T₁
При изохорном процессе
T₃/T₂=p₃/p₂
T₃=T₂p₃/p₂=3T₂=1,2T₁
Строим графики
Ответ: -600 Дж; 500 Дж

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